因为项目需要,第一次接触 Spring Security,早就听闻 Spring Security 功能强大但上手困难,学习了几天出入门道,特整理这篇文章希望能让后来者少踩一点坑(本文附带实例程序,请放心食用)
本篇文章环境:SpringBoot 2.0 + Mybatis + Spring Security 5.0
电脑程序入门?源码地址:https://github.com/jitwxs/blog_sample
文章目录
一、导入依赖
二、创建数据库
三、准备页面
四、配置application.properties
五、创建实体、Dao、Service和Controller
5.1 实体
5.2 Dao
5.3 Service
5.4 Controller
六、配置SpringSecurity
6.1 UserDetailsService
6.2 WebSecurityConfig
七、运行程序
一、导入依赖
导入 spring-boot-starter-security 依赖,在 SpringBoot 2.0 环境下默认使用的是 5.0 版本。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency>
Springboot注解、
二、创建数据库
一般权限控制有三层,即:用户<–>角色<–>权限,用户与角色是多对多,角色和权限也是多对多。这里我们先暂时不考虑权限,只考虑用户<–>角色。
java security?创建用户表sys_user:
CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
创建权限表sys_role:
CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Spring Boot,
创建用户-角色表sys_user_role:
CREATE TABLE `sys_user_role` (
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`role_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`,`role_id`),
KEY `fk_role_id` (`role_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_role_id` FOREIGN KEY (`role_id`) REFERENCES `sys_role` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `fk_user_id` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `sys_user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
初始化一下数据:
INSERT INTO `sys_role` VALUES ('1', 'ROLE_ADMIN');
INSERT INTO `sys_role` VALUES ('2', 'ROLE_USER');INSERT INTO `sys_user` VALUES ('1', 'admin', '123');
INSERT INTO `sys_user` VALUES ('2', 'jitwxs', '123');INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` VALUES ('1', '1');
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` VALUES ('2', '2');
博主有话说:
这里的权限格式为ROLE_XXX,是Spring Security规定的,不要乱起名字哦。
三、准备页面
因为是示例程序,页面越简单越好,只用于登陆的login.html以及用于登陆成功后的home.html,将其放置在 resources/static 目录下:
(1)login.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>登陆</title> </head> <body> <h1>登陆</h1> <form method="post" action="/login"> <div> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"> </div> <div> <button type="submit">立即登陆</button> </div> </form> </body> </html>
博主有话说:
用户的登陆认证是由Spring Security进行处理的,请求路径默认为/login,用户名字段默认为username,密码字段默认为password
(2)home.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登陆成功</h1> <a href="/admin">检测ROLE_ADMIN角色</a> <a href="/user">检测ROLE_USER角色</a> <button onclick="window.location.href='/logout'">退出登录</button> </body> </html>
四、配置application.properties
在配置文件中配置下数据库连接:
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
#开启Mybatis下划线命名转驼峰命名
mybatis.configuration.map-underscore-to-camel-case=true
五、创建实体、Dao、Service和Controller
5.1 实体
(1)SysUser
public class SysUser implements Serializable{ static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private Integer id;private String name;private String password;// 省略getter/setter }
(2)SysRole
public class SysRole implements Serializable { static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private Integer id;private String name;// 省略getter/setter }
(3)SysUserRole
public class SysUserRole implements Serializable { static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private Integer userId;private Integer roleId;// 省略getter/setter }
5.2 Dao
(1)SysUserMapper
@Mapper
public interface SysUserMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE id = #{id}")
SysUser selectById(Integer id);@Select("SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE name = #{name}")
SysUser selectByName(String name);
}
(2)SysRoleMapper
@Mapper
public interface SysRoleMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM sys_role WHERE id = #{id}")
SysRole selectById(Integer id);
}
(3)SysUserRoleMapper
@Mapper public interface SysUserRoleMapper { @Select("SELECT * FROM sys_user_role WHERE user_id = #{userId}") List<SysUserRole> listByUserId(Integer userId); }
5.3 Service
(1)SysUserService
@Service public class SysUserService { @Autowired private SysUserMapper userMapper;public SysUser selectById(Integer id) { return userMapper.selectById(id); }public SysUser selectByName(String name) { return userMapper.selectByName(name); } }
(2)SysRoleService
@Service public class SysRoleService { @Autowired private SysRoleMapper roleMapper;public SysRole selectById(Integer id){ return roleMapper.selectById(id); } }
(3)SysUserRoleService
@Service public class SysUserRoleService { @Autowired private SysUserRoleMapper userRoleMapper;public List<SysUserRole> listByUserId(Integer userId) { return userRoleMapper.listByUserId(userId); } }
5.4 Controller
@Controller
public class LoginController {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoginController.class);@RequestMapping("/")
public String showHome() {
String name = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getName();
logger.info("当前登陆用户:" + name);return "home.html";
}@RequestMapping("/login")
public String showLogin() {
return "login.html";
}@RequestMapping("/admin")
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')")
public String printAdmin() {
return "如果你看见这句话,说明你有ROLE_ADMIN角色";
}@RequestMapping("/user")
@ResponseBody
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ROLE_USER')")
public String printUser() {
return "如果你看见这句话,说明你有ROLE_USER角色";
}
}
博主有话说:
如代码所示,获取当前登录用户:SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication()
@PreAuthorize 用于判断用户是否有指定权限,没有就不能访问
六、配置SpringSecurity
6.1 UserDetailsService
首先我们需要自定义 UserDetailsService ,将用户信息和权限注入进来。
我们需要重写 loadUserByUsername 方法,参数是用户输入的用户名。返回值是UserDetails,这是一个接口,一般使用它的子类org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User,它有三个参数,分别是用户名、密码和权限集。
实际情况下,大多将 DAO 中的 User 类继承 org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User 返回。
@Service("userDetailsService")
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
private SysUserService userService;@Autowired
private SysRoleService roleService;@Autowired
private SysUserRoleService userRoleService;@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
// 从数据库中取出用户信息
SysUser user = userService.selectByName(username);// 判断用户是否存在
if(user == null) {
throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名不存在");
}// 添加权限
List<SysUserRole> userRoles = userRoleService.listByUserId(user.getId());
for (SysUserRole userRole : userRoles) {
SysRole role = roleService.selectById(userRole.getRoleId());
authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName()));
}// 返回UserDetails实现类
return new User(user.getName(), user.getPassword(), authorities);
}
}
6.2 WebSecurityConfig
该类是 Spring Security 的配置类,该类的三个注解分别是标识该类是配置类、开启 Security 服务、开启全局 Securtiy 注解。
首先将我们自定义的 userDetailsService 注入进来,在 configure() 方法中使用 auth.userDetailsService() 方法替换掉默认的 userDetailsService。
这里我们还指定了密码的加密方式(5.0 版本强制要求设置),因为我们数据库是明文存储的,所以明文返回即可,如下所示:
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private CustomUserDetailsService userDetailsService;@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(new PasswordEncoder() {
@Override
public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
return charSequence.toString();
}@Override
public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
return s.equals(charSequence.toString());
}
});
}@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
// 如果有允许匿名的url,填在下面
// .antMatchers().permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
// 设置登陆页
.formLogin().loginPage("/login")
// 设置登陆成功页
.defaultSuccessUrl("/").permitAll()
// 自定义登陆用户名和密码参数,默认为username和password
// .usernameParameter("username")
// .passwordParameter("password")
.and()
.logout().permitAll();// 关闭CSRF跨域
http.csrf().disable();
}@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
// 设置拦截忽略文件夹,可以对静态资源放行
web.ignoring().antMatchers("/css/**", "/js/**");
}
}
七、运行程序
ROLE_ADMIN 账户:用户名 admin,密码 123
ROLE_USER 账户:用户名 jitwxs,密码 123
注:如果你想要将密码加密,可以修改 configure() 方法如下:
@Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService) .passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()); }
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作者:Jitwxs
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/yuanlaijike/article/details/80249235
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!